ORIGINAL ANTIQUE MAP NAUTICAL CHART  Mediterranean Sea Libya Sirte to Tolemaide

Description

ANTIQUE ORIGINAL MAPTERRITORY NAUTICAL CHART
[Thismap is not a reproduction or from a scan, and it's printed on a thick papermatting surface. My Map collection, passed down by my grandfather, has beenstored flat and folded]
Mediterranean Sea Libya
Sirte to Tolemaide, El Aghelia, Tripolitania, Ez Zuetina, El Brega
From Italian Charts of 1930 and 1932
See Photos for condition.
Zuwetina
( Marsa Uasili;
Arabic
:
الزويتينة
) is a coastal town and oil-exporting port in the
Al Wahat District
of the
Cyrenaica
region in north-eastern
Libya
.
[3]
From 1987 to 2007 Zuwetina was in the former
Ajdabiya District
. The oil terminal in the small harbor is operated by the Zuwetina Oil Company. The town's primary activities relate to oil production and transshipping crude oil. It is about 180 km south west of
Benghazi
.
[4]
The port was the site of
skirmishes
between pro- and anti-Gaddafi forces during the
2011 Libyan civil war
.
[5]
Brega
/
ˈ
b
r
eɪ
ɡ
ə
/
, also known as
Mersa Brega
or
Marsa al-Brega
(
Arabic
:
مرسى البريقة
Marsā al Burayqah
, i.e. "Brega Seaport"), is a complex of several smaller towns, industry installations and education establishments situated in
Libya
on the
Gulf of Sidra
, the most southerly point of the
Mediterranean Sea
. It is located in the former
Ajdabiya District
, which in 2007 was merged into the
Al Wahat District
. The town is the center of Libya's second-largest hydro-carbon complex.
[2]
During the
Libyan Civil War
, the town quickly fell under control of the
Libyan opposition
.
[3]
Government forces attempted to capture the town on 2 March but were repelled;
[4]
[5]
their attack on 13 March was successful, though rebels later recaptured it on 26 March.
[6]
[7]
In April the rebels were again driven out of the Brega area,
[8]
and a several months long stalemate formed. On 11 August 2011, the rebels claimed they
Sirte
(
/
ˈ
s
ɜːr
t
/
;
Arabic
:
سِرْت
,
pronunciation
(
help
·
info
)
), also spelled
Sirt
,
Surt
,
Sert
or
Syrte
, is a city in
Libya
. It is located south of the
Gulf of Sirte
, between
Tripoli
and
Benghazi
. It is famously known for its battles,
ethnic groups
, and
loyalty
to
Muammar Gaddafi
. Also due to developments in the
First Libyan Civil War
, it was briefly the capital of
Libya
as
Tripoli
's successor after the
Fall of Tripoli
from 1 September to 20 October 2011. The settlement was established in the early 20th century by the
Italians
, at the site of a 19th-century fortress built by the
Ottomans
. It grew into a city after
World War II
.
As the birthplace of
Muammar Gaddafi
, Sirte was favoured by the
Gaddafi government
.
[1]
The city was the final major stronghold of Gaddafi loyalists in the civil war and Gaddafi was
killed there
by rebel forces on 20 October 2011. During the
battle
, Sirte was left almost completely in ruins, with many buildings destroyed or damaged.
[2]
Six months after the civil war, almost 60,000 inhabitants, more than 70 percent of the pre-war population, had returned
The
Mediterranean Sea
is a
sea
connected to the
Atlantic Ocean
, surrounded by the
Mediterranean Basin
and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by
Western
and
Southern Europe
and
Anatolia
, on the south by
North Africa
, and on the east by the
Levant
. The Sea has played a central role in the
history of Western civilization
. Although the Mediterranean is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, it is usually referred to as a separate body of water.
Geological evidence
indicates that around 5.9 million years ago, the Mediterranean was cut off from the Atlantic and was partly or completely
desiccated
over a period of some 600,000 years during the
Messinian salinity crisis
before being refilled by the
Zanclean flood
about 5.3 million years ago.
The Mediterranean Sea covers an area of about 2,500,000 km
2
(970,000 sq mi),
[2]
representing 0.7% of the global
ocean
surface, but its connection to the Atlantic via the
Strait of Gibraltar
—the narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates the
Iberian Peninsula
in
Europe
from
Morocco
in
Africa
—is only 14 km (9 mi) wide. In
oceanography
, it is sometimes called the
Eurafrican Mediterranean Sea
, the
European Mediterranean Sea
or the
African Mediterranean Sea
to distinguish it from
mediterranean seas
elsewhere.
[3]
[4]
The Mediterranean Sea encompasses
a vast number of islands
, some of them being of volcanic origin. The two by far largest islands are
Sicily
and
Sardinia
.
The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) and the deepest recorded point is 5,267 m (17,280 ft) in the
Calypso Deep
in the
Ionian Sea
. It lies between latitudes
30°
and
46° N
and longitudes
6° W
and
36° E
. Its west–east length, from the Strait of Gibraltar to the
Gulf of Iskenderun
, on the southeastern coast of
Turkey
, is about 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi). The north–south length varies greatly between different shorelines and whether only straight routes are considered. Also including longitudal changes, the shortest shipping route between the multinational
Gulf of Trieste
and the Libyan coastline of
Gulf of Sidra
is about 1,900 kilometres (1,200 mi). The water temperatures are mild in winter and warm in summer and give name to the
mediterranean climate
type due to the majority of precipitation falling in the cooler months. Its southern and eastern coastlines are lined with hot deserts not far inland, but the immediate coastline on all sides of the Mediterranean tends to have strong maritime moderation.
The sea was an important route for
merchants
and travelers of ancient times, facilitating trade and cultural exchange between peoples of the region. The
history of the Mediterranean region
is crucial to understanding the origins and development of many modern societies. The
Roman Empire
maintained nautical hegemony over the sea for centuries.
The countries surrounding the Mediterranean in clockwise order are
Spain
,
France
,
Monaco
,
Italy
,
Slovenia
,
Croatia
,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
,
Montenegro
,
Albania
,
Greece
,
Turkey
,
Syria
,
Lebanon
,
Israel
,
Palestine
,
Egypt
,
Libya
,
Tunisia
,
Algeria
, and
Morocco
;
Malta
and
Cyprus
are island countries in the sea. In addition, the disputed territory of
Northern Cyprus
, and some enclaves, notably
Gibraltar
and
Ceuta
, have coastlines on the sea.
Alexandria
is the largest coastal settlement. The drainage basin encompasses a large number of other countries, the
Nile
being the longest river ending in the Mediterranean Sea.