ORIGINAL ANTIQUE MAP NAUTICAL CHART  Mediterranean Sea Egypt Port Said Arab

Description

ANTIQUE ORIGINAL MAPTERRITORY NAUTICAL CHART
[Thismap is not a reproduction or from a scan, and it's printed on a thick papermatting surface. My Map collection, passed down by my grandfather, has beenstored flat and folded]
Mediterranean Sea, Egypt, United Arab Republic, Port Said, Hussein Basin, Suez Canal
from a British Survey in 1919
See Photos for condition.
Port Said
(
Arabic
:
بورسعيد
,
romanized
:
Būrsaʿīd
,
IPA:
[boɾ.sæˈʕiːd]
) is a city that lies in northeast
Egypt
extending about 30 km (19 mi) along the coast of the
Mediterranean Sea
, north of the
Suez Canal
. With an approximate population of 603,787 (2010), it is the
fifth-largest city
in
Egypt
.
[2]
The city was established in 1859 during the building of the Suez Canal.
There are numerous old houses with grand balconies on all floors, giving the city a distinctive look. Port Said's twin city is
Port Fuad
, which lies on the eastern bank of the Suez Canal. The two cities coexist, to the extent that there is hardly any town centre in Port Fuad. The cities are connected by free
ferries
running all through the day, and together they form a
metropolitan area
with over a million residents that extends both on the African and the Asian sides of the Suez Canal. The only other metropolitan area in the world that also spans two continents is
Istanbul
.
Port Said acted as a
global city
since its establishment and flourished particularly during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century when it was inhabited by various nationalities and religions. Most of them were from Mediterranean countries, and they coexisted in tolerance, forming a
cosmopolitan
community. Referring to this fact
Rudyard Kipling
once said "If you truly wish to find someone you have known and who travels, there are two points on the globe you have but to sit and wait, sooner or later your man will come there: the docks of
London
and Port Said".
[3]
The
Mediterranean Sea
is a
sea
connected to the
Atlantic Ocean
, surrounded by the
Mediterranean Basin
and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by
Western
and
Southern Europe
and
Anatolia
, on the south by
North Africa
, and on the east by the
Levant
. The Sea has played a central role in the
history of Western civilization
. Although the Mediterranean is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, it is usually referred to as a separate body of water.
Geological evidence
indicates that around 5.9 million years ago, the Mediterranean was cut off from the Atlantic and was partly or completely
desiccated
over a period of some 600,000 years during the
Messinian salinity crisis
before being refilled by the
Zanclean flood
about 5.3 million years ago.
The Mediterranean Sea covers an area of about 2,500,000 km
2
(970,000 sq mi),
[2]
representing 0.7% of the global
ocean
surface, but its connection to the Atlantic via the
Strait of Gibraltar
—the narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates the
Iberian Peninsula
in
Europe
from
Morocco
in
Africa
—is only 14 km (9 mi) wide. In
oceanography
, it is sometimes called the
Eurafrican Mediterranean Sea
, the
European Mediterranean Sea
or the
African Mediterranean Sea
to distinguish it from
mediterranean seas
elsewhere.
[3]
[4]
The Mediterranean Sea encompasses
a vast number of islands
, some of them being of volcanic origin. The two by far largest islands are
Sicily
and
Sardinia
.
The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) and the deepest recorded point is 5,267 m (17,280 ft) in the
Calypso Deep
in the
Ionian Sea
. It lies between latitudes
30°
and
46° N
and longitudes
6° W
and
36° E
. Its west–east length, from the Strait of Gibraltar to the
Gulf of Iskenderun
, on the southeastern coast of
Turkey
, is about 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi). The north–south length varies greatly between different shorelines and whether only straight routes are considered. Also including longitudal changes, the shortest shipping route between the multinational
Gulf of Trieste
and the Libyan coastline of
Gulf of Sidra
is about 1,900 kilometres (1,200 mi). The water temperatures are mild in winter and warm in summer and give name to the
mediterranean climate
type due to the majority of precipitation falling in the cooler months. Its southern and eastern coastlines are lined with hot deserts not far inland, but the immediate coastline on all sides of the Mediterranean tends to have strong maritime moderation.
The sea was an important route for
merchants
and travelers of ancient times, facilitating trade and cultural exchange between peoples of the region. The
history of the Mediterranean region
is crucial to understanding the origins and development of many modern societies. The
Roman Empire
maintained nautical hegemony over the sea for centuries.
The countries surrounding the Mediterranean in clockwise order are
Spain
,
France
,
Monaco
,
Italy
,
Slovenia
,
Croatia
,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
,
Montenegro
,
Albania
,
Greece
,
Turkey
,
Syria
,
Lebanon
,
Israel
,
Palestine
,
Egypt
,
Libya
,
Tunisia
,
Algeria
, and
Morocco
;
Malta
and
Cyprus
are island countries in the sea. In addition, the disputed territory of
Northern Cyprus
, and some enclaves, notably
Gibraltar
and
Ceuta
, have coastlines on the sea.
Alexandria
is the largest coastal settlement. The drainage basin encompasses a large number of other countries, the
Nile
being the longest river ending in the Mediterranean Sea.
The
Suez Canal
(
Egyptian Arabic
:
قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ
,
Canāt el Sewes
) is an artificial
sea-level
waterway
in
Egypt
, connecting the
Mediterranean Sea
to the
Red Sea
through the
Isthmus of Suez
and dividing Africa and Asia. The canal is a route of trade between Europe and Asia.
In 1858,
Ferdinand de Lesseps
formed the
Suez Canal Company
for the express purpose of building the
canal
. Construction of the canal lasted from 1859 to 1869. The canal officially opened on 17 November 1869. It offers vessels a direct route between the
North Atlantic
and northern
Indian
oceans via the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, avoiding the South Atlantic and southern Indian oceans and reducing the journey distance from the Arabian Sea to London by approximately 8,900 kilometres (5,500 mi), or 10 days at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) to 8 days at 24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph).
[1]
The canal extends from the northern terminus of
Port Said
to the southern terminus of
Port Tewfik
at the city of
Suez
. Its length is 193.30 km (120.11 mi) including its northern and southern access-channels. In 2020, more than 18,500 vessels traversed the canal (an average of 51.5 per day).
[2]
[
needs update
]
The original canal featured a single-lane waterway with passing locations in the Ballah Bypass and the
Great Bitter Lake
.
[3]
It contained, according to
Alois Negrelli
's plans, no
lock
systems, with seawater flowing freely through it. In general, the water in the canal north of the Bitter Lakes flows north in winter and south in summer. South of the lakes, the current changes with the
tide
at Suez.
[4]
While the canal was the property of the Egyptian government, European shareholders, mostly British and French, owned the
concessionary company
which operated it until July 1956, when President
Gamal Abdel Nasser
nationalized it—an event which led to the
Suez Crisis
of October–November 1956.
[5]
The canal is operated and maintained by the state-owned
Suez Canal Authority
[6]
(SCA) of Egypt. Under the
Convention of Constantinople
, it may be used "in time of war as in time of peace, by every vessel of commerce or of war, without distinction of flag."
[7]
Nevertheless, the canal has played an important military strategic role as a naval short-cut and
choke point
. Navies with coastlines and bases on both the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea (
Egypt
and
Israel
) have a particular interest in the Suez Canal. After Egypt closed the Suez canal at the beginning of the
Six-Day War
on 5 June 1967, the canal remained closed for precisely eight years, reopening on 5 June 1975.
[8]
The Egyptian government launched construction in 2014 to expand and widen the Ballah Bypass for 35 km (22 mi) to speed up the canal's transit-time. The expansion intended to nearly double the capacity of the Suez Canal, from 49 to 97 ships per day.
[9]
At a cost of LE 59.4 billion(USD 9 Billion), this project was funded with interest brearing investment certificates issued exclusively to Egyptian entities and individuals. The "New Suez Canal".
The Suez Canal Authority officially opened the new side channel in 2016. This side channel, located at the northern side of the east extension of the Suez Canal, serves the East Terminal for berthing and unberthing vessels from the terminal. As the East Container Terminal is located on the Canal itself, before the construction of the new side channel it was not possible to berth or unberth vessels at the terminal while a convoy was running.
[10]